Which of the following strategies can help mitigate air pollution?

Implementing public transportation systems is an effective strategy for mitigating air pollution as it helps reduce the number of individual vehicles on the road. Public transport commonly includes buses, subways, and trains, which can carry many passengers simultaneously. This shift from personal vehicles to public transport decreases the total emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants per capita, leading to improved air quality.

In addition, public transportation systems can be designed to use cleaner energy sources, such as electricity or biofuels, further contributing to lower emissions. By making public transport a more convenient, efficient, and attractive option for commuters, cities can encourage more people to use it rather than relying on cars, thereby reducing traffic congestion and its associated air pollution.

Encouraging vehicle use and promoting industrial emissions would likely exacerbate air quality issues, while expanding urban sprawl can lead to increased vehicle dependency and longer commuting distances, further increasing emissions. Thus, the implementation of robust public transportation systems is a critical step in addressing air pollution effectively.