What is the main health risk associated with particulate matter (PM)?

Particulate matter (PM) primarily poses significant health risks related to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. PM consists of tiny particles or droplets in the air that can penetrate deep into the lungs when inhaled. The various sizes of particulate matter, including PM2.5 and PM10, can lead to serious health issues.

When PM enters the respiratory system, it can cause inflammation, exacerbate existing respiratory conditions like asthma and chronic bronchitis, and lead to lung infections. Additionally, the heart is affected as exposure to these fine particles has been linked to heart attacks, strokes, and worsened cardiovascular health. The fine particles can enter the bloodstream, leading to systemic inflammation and contributing to cardiovascular diseases.

Other options present health issues but are not the primary concern associated with particulate matter. Skin irritation, gastrointestinal issues, and neurological disorders are not the main health impacts attributed to PM exposure, making respiratory and cardiovascular diseases the main focus of concern in studies regarding air quality and health impacts.